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Clin. Vaccine Immunol. doi:10.1128/CVI.00188-07
Copyright (c) 2007, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.

Detection of Hantaan Virus-Specific IgG and IgM in Oral Fluid Using Yeast Expressed Recombinant Nucleocapsid Protein

RASA PETRAITYT^*, LI JIN, RASHPAL HUNJAN, AURA RAANSKIEN, AURELIJA VIRBLIEN, and KESTUTIS SASNAUSKAS

Institute of Biotechnology, V.A. Graiino 8, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania; Virus Reference division, Centre for infections, Health Protection Agency, Colindale, London, UK

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: prasa{at}ibt.lt.

	Abstract

Hantaan virus is the causative agent of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Clinical surveillance of Hantaan virus infection is unreliable and laboratory verification is essential. The detection of virus-specific IgM/IgG in serum is most commonly used for the diagnosis of hantavirus infection. Testing of oral fluid samples instead of serum offers many advantages for surveillance. However, commercial tests for hantavirus-specific antibodies are unavailable. For the detection of Hantaan virus in oral fluid of humans, we have developed monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme linked immunosorbent IgM assay (IgM capture ELISA) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent IgG/IgM assays (indirect IgG/IgM ELISA) for paired serum/oral fluid samples using yeast expressed nucleocapsid protein of Hantaan-Fojnica virus. The sensitivity and specificity of oral fluid IgM capture ELISA in comparison with the serum Hantaan IgM, were 96.7% and of 94.9%, respectively. Thus, data on the overall performance of oral fluid IgM capture ELISA is in close agreement with serum IgM assay, and exhibit a potential to serve as an easily transferable tool for large-scale epidemiological studies. Data on the indirect IgM ELISA showed also close agreement with serum IgM data, just the indirect IgG ELISA displayed the lower sensitivity and specificity. In conclusion, IgM capture ELISA can be used for diagnosis of Hantaan infection in oral fluid instead of serum samples.