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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, June 2007, p. 714-719, Vol. 14, No. 6
1071-412X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00073-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Comparison of an ESAT-6/CFP-10 Peptide-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay to a Tuberculin Skin Test for Screening of a Population at Moderate Risk of Contracting Tuberculosis

Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas,¹ Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas,² Center for Human Bacterial Pathogenesis Research, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,³ Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas⁴

Received 8 February 2007/ Returned for modification 20 March 2007/ Accepted 10 April 2007

Screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) has many limitations including false-positive results due to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. Three hundred ninety adult inmates with normal screening chest radiographs in a county jail were evaluated for LTBI using TST and an ESAT-6/CFP-10 peptide-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay (T-SPOT.TB). LTBI prevalence rates were 19.0% and 8.5% by T-SPOT.TB and TST, respectively. Overall agreement between test results was 82.8% ( = 0.29). Positive T-SPOT.TB results were significantly associated with increased age (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.06) and intravenous drug use history (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.36 to 6.27). Positive TST results were significantly associated with increased age (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.09) and foreign birth (OR, 6.61; 95% CI, 1.98 to 22.01). Discordant covariates between the assay results included increased age (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94 to 0.99) and intravenous drug use history (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.88). T-SPOT.TB reactivity is unaffected by prior BCG vaccination. T-SPOT.TB may be more sensitive than TST in diagnosing LTBI among a moderate risk population of inmates, particularly those with intravenous drug use history. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess the positive predictive value of T-SPOT.TB in identifying those most likely to convert to active disease in general populations as well as in high-risk subpopulations.

Published ahead of print on 18 April 2007.

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