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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, October 2007, p. 1260-1265, Vol. 14, No. 10
1071-412X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00204-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Mitogenic Component in Polar Lipid-Enriched Anaplasma phagocytophilum Membranes{triangledown}

Kyoung-Seong Choi1,2 and J. Stephen Dumler2*

College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Department of Animal Science, Sangju National University, Sangju 742-711, Korea,1 Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 212052

Received 19 May 2007/ Returned for modification 9 July 2007/ Accepted 29 July 2007

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. A. phagocytophilum cells activate Toll-like receptor 2 signaling and possess mitogenic activity, and A. phagocytophilum infection in vivo activates NKT cells unrelated to major surface protein 2 (Msp2) hypervariable region expression. Thus, we hypothesized that lipoprotein or glycolipid components of A. phagocytophilum membranes could be important triggers of the innate immune response and immunopathology. A. phagocytophilum membranes depleted of Msp2 and protein antigens enhanced the proliferation of naïve mouse splenocytes beyond that of untreated membranes. Protein-depleted and polar lipid-enriched membranes from low-passage A. phagocytophilum cultures enhanced naïve splenocyte lymphoproliferation to a much greater degree than did these fractions from high-passage cultures of bacterial membranes (1.8- to 3.7-fold for protein-depleted fractions and 4.8- to ≥17.7-fold for polar lipid-enriched fractions). These results support the hypothesis that components that are enriched among polar lipids in the A. phagocytophilum membrane stimulate innate immune cell proliferation, possibly activating NKT cells that link innate and adaptive immunity, and immunopathology.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 624, Baltimore, MD 21205. Phone: (410) 955-8654. Fax: (443) 287-3665. E-mail: sdumler{at}jhmi.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 8 August 2007.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, October 2007, p. 1260-1265, Vol. 14, No. 10
1071-412X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00204-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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