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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, February 2006, p. 281-288, Vol. 13, No. 2
1071-412X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.13.2.281-288.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

General Anesthesia Delays the Inflammatory Response and Increases Survival for Mice with Endotoxic Shock

Joseph M. Fuentes,3 Mark A. Talamini,3 William B. Fulton,1 Eric J. Hanly,3 Alexander R. Aurora,3 and Antonio De Maio1,2*

Division of Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205,1 Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205,2 Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 212873

Received 9 June 2005/ Returned for modification 8 September 2005/ Accepted 13 December 2005

Anesthesia is an indispensable component of any operative procedure. In this study, we demonstrate that continuous isoflurane anesthesia for 1 h after a lethal dose (20 mg/kg of body weight) of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in a significant increase in survival of C57BL/6J (B6) mice in comparison with survival of nonanesthetized mice. Protection by anesthesia correlates with a delay in plasma LPS circulation, resulting in a delayed inflammatory response, particularly DNA binding activity of NF-{kappa}B and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10. Disparate classes of anesthetic agents produce the same effects on the inflammatory response, which is also independent of the inbred mouse strain used. These results suggest that anesthesia has an important impact on the outcome from endotoxemia. Moreover, the immunomodulatory effects of anesthetics should be considered when interpreting data from experimental animal models.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Department of Surgery, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0739, La Jolla, CA 92093-0739. Phone: (858) 822-6502. Fax: (619) 543-5869. E-mail: ademaio{at}ucsd.edu.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, February 2006, p. 281-288, Vol. 13, No. 2
1071-412X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.13.2.281-288.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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