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Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, January 2005, p. 171-179, Vol. 12, No. 1
1071-412X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CDLI.12.1.171-179.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Induction of Mucosal B-Cell Memory by Intranasal Immunization of Mice with Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Division of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,¹ Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania²

Received 2 October 2003/ Returned for modification 22 January 2004/ Accepted 4 November 2004

The capacity of live or inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to induce B-cell memory in respiratory-associated lymphoid tissues of mice was examined. Eight weeks after primary inoculation with either live or inactivated RSV, adult BALB/c mice were challenged with 4 x 10⁵ PFU of RSV. Protection from viral shedding and mucosal production of RSV-specific antibodies were examined at various time points after challenge. We found that primary immunization with live, but not inactivated, RSV induced complete and durable protection upon challenge within the upper and lower respiratory tract. Also, primary immunization with live, but not inactivated, RSV enhanced the production of mucosal RSV-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) upon challenge. Secondary mucosal IgA responses were characterized by (i) the early production of mucosal IgA by B cells that reside in organized nasal-associated lymphoid tissues, cervical lymph nodes, and bronchial lymph nodes, and (ii) the subsequent production of RSV-specific IgA by mucosal effector tissues, such as the tracheal lamina propria and lung. These findings suggest that primary infection of mice with live RSV might induce mucosal IgA-committed memory B cells. A greater understanding of the characteristics of RSA-specific mucosal memory B cells may facilitate the development of an RSV vaccine.